This monograph ('The History of Vaccination: Milestones in Vaccination Programme in Slovenia') traces the history of vaccination in Slovenia from the second half of the nineteenth century onwards. Drawing on archival materials from the National Institute of Public Health, it illustrates the development and progress made in protecting public health against infectious diseases through vaccination, from the first vaccinations to 2020. The focus is on infectious disease surveillance, which is essential for evaluating the effectiveness of the vaccination programme. It discusses the development of legislation and tools for professional practice, as well as the role of central institutions. Key milestones in the vaccination programme are highlighted, which has been implemented within a healthcare and insurance system that has undergone several organisational changes. The monograph presents the vaccinated generations, the vaccines administered, the vaccination registry, electronic data exchange, the vaccination booklet, the system for monitoring adverse effects associated with vaccination and standard procedures for safe vaccination. Research into the effects and successes of past vaccinations significantly contributes to our understanding of this preventive medical practice, representing the most effective way to prevent infectious diseases.